Employment

The 2009 population and housing census covered in brief the labour status as tabulated below. The main variable of interest for inequality discussed in the text is work for pay by level of education. The other variables, notably family business, family agricultural holdings, intern/volunteer, retired/homemaker, fulltime student, incapacitated and  no work are tabulated and presented in the annex table 32.3 up to ward level.

 Table 32: Overall Employment by Education Levels in Nandi County

In Nandi County, 24% of the residents with no formal education 22% of those with primary education and 27% of those with secondary level of education or above are working for pay. . Work for pay is highest in Nairobi at 49% and this is almost twice the level in Nandi for those with secondary level of education or above.

In this report, the Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of consumption expenditure among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Gini index of '0' represents perfect equality, while an index of '1' implies perfect inequality. Nandi County’s Gini index is 0.343 compared with Turkana County, which has the least inequality nationally (0.283).

Just 1% of residents in Nandi County use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and 1% use paraffin. 89% use firewood and 8% use charcoal. Firewood is the most common cooking fuel by gender; 89% in households headed by either gender.

Three constituencies, Aldai, Mosop and Tinderet, have the highest level of firewood use in Nandi County at 94% each. This is 12 percentage points above Emgwen constituency, which has the lowest share at 82%. Aldai, Mosop and Tinderet are about 5 percentage points above the county average. Sangalo/Kebulonik ward has the highest level of firewood use in Nandi County at 98%.This is 42 percentage points above Kapsabet ward, which has the lowest share. Sangalo/Kebulonik ward is 9 percentage points above the county average.

 Emgwen constituency has the highest level of charcoal use in Nandi County at 15%.This is almost four times Tinderet constituency, which has the lowest share. Emgwen constituency is 7 percentage points above the county average. Kapsabet ward has highest level of charcoal use in Nandi County at 36%.This is 35 percentage points more than Sangalo/Kebulonik ward, which has the lowest share. Kapsabet ward is 28 percentage points above the county average.

6% of residents in Nandi County use electricity as their main source of lighting. A further 42% use lanterns, and 49% use tin lamps. Less than 1% use fuel wood. Electricity use is equal by gender for both male and female headed households at 6% in each.

 Chesumei constituency has the highest level of electricity use at 11%.That is five times Tinderet constituency, which has the lowest level of electricity use. Chesumei constituency is 5 percentage points above the county average. Kapsabet ward has the highest level of electricity use at 25%.That is 25 percentage points above Sangalo/Kebulonik ward, which has the lowest level of electricity use. Kapsabet ward is 19 percentage points above the county average.

In Nandi County, 30% of residents have homes with cement floors, while 69% have earth floors. Less than 1% has tile and 1% has wood floors. Nandi Hills constituency has the highest share of cement floors at 46%.That is twice Aldai constituency, which has the lowest share of cement floors. Nandi Hills constituency is 16 percentage points above the county average. Two wards, Nandi Hills and Chemundu/Kapng Etunyi, have the highest share of cement floors at 53% each. That is five times Songhor/Soba ward, which has the lowest share of cement floors. Nandi Hills and Chemundu/Kapng Etunyi are 23 percentage points above the county average.

In Nandi County, less than 1% of residents have homes with concrete roofs, while 82% have corrugated iron sheet roofs. Grass and makuti roofs constitute 15% of homes, and none have mud/dung roofs.

 Two constituencies, Emgwen and Nandi Hills, have the highest share of corrugated iron sheet roofs at 88% each. That is 21 percentage points above Tinderet constituency, which has the lowest share of corrugated iron sheet roofs. Emgwen and Nandi Hills are 6 percentage points above the county average. Kaptumoi/Kaboi ward has the highest share of corrugated iron sheet roofs at 96%.That is 38 percentage points above Songhor/Soba ward, which has the lowest share of corrugated iron roofs. Kaptumoi/Kaboi ward is 14 percentage points above the county average.

 Tinderet constituency has highest share of grass/makuti roofs at 30%.That is three times Nandi Hills constituency, which has the lowest share of grass/makuti roofs. Tinderet constituency is 15 percentage points above the county average. Songhor/Soba ward has the highest share of grass/makuti roofs at 41%. This is 20 times Kapsabet ward, which has the lowest share. Songhor/Soba ward is 26 percentage points above the county average.

In Nandi County, 16% of homes have either brick or stone walls. 78% of homes have mud/wood or mud/cement walls. 4% have wood walls. 1% has corrugated iron walls. Less than 1% has grass/thatched walls. 1% has tin or other walls.

Nandi Hills constituency has the highest share of brick/stone walls at 31%.That is four times Mosop constituency, which has the lowest share of brick/stone walls. Nandi Hills constituency is 15 percentage points above the county average. Kapsimotwo ward has the highest share of brick/stone walls at 36%.That is nine times Songhor/Soba ward, which has the lowest share of brick/stone walls. Kapsimotwo ward is 20 percentage points above the county average.

Mosop constituency has the highest share of mud with wood/cement walls at 92%.That is 39 percentage points above Nandi Hills constituency, which has the lowest share of mud with wood/cement. Mosop constituency is 14 percentage points above the county average. Two wards, Kemeloi-Maraba, have the highest share of mud with wood/cement walls at 94% each. That is almost twice Kapchorua ward, which has the lowest share of mud with wood/cement walls. Kemeloi-Maraba ward is 16 percentage points above the county average.

Improved sources of water comprise protected  spring, protected well, borehole, piped into dwelling, piped and rain water collection while unimproved sources include pond, dam, lake, stream/river, unprotected spring, unprotected well, jabia, water vendor and others.

 In Nandi County, 36% of residents use improved sources of water, with the rest relying on unimproved sources. There is no significant gender differential in use of improved sources at 37% for male headed households and 35% in female headed households.

 Nandi Hills constituency has the highest share of residents using improved sources of water at 60%.That is twice Aldai constituency, which has the lowest share using improved sources of water. Nandi Hills constituency is 24 percentage points above the county average. Lelmok/Ngechek ward has the highest share of residents using improved sources of water at 73%.That is five times Kiptuiya ward, which has the lowest share using improved sources of water. Lelmok/Ngechek ward is 37 percentage points above the county average.

A total of 72% of residents in Nandi County use improved sanitation, while the rest use unimproved sanitation. Use of improved sanitation is insignificantly higher in female headed households at 73% as compared with male headed households at 72%.

Two constituencies, Mosop and Chesumei, have the highest share of residents using improved sanitation at 80% each. That is twice Tinderet constituency, which has the lowest share using improved sanitation. Mosop and Chesumei constituency are 8 percentage points above the county average. Kapsabet ward has the highest share of residents using improved sanitation at 90%.That is six times Songhor/Soba ward, which has the lowest share using improved sanitation. Kapsabet ward is 18 percentage points above the county average.