Pages: 1 2 3 4

Type of wall material

The most commonly used material for walls is mud/wood at 36.5 percent followed by bricks/blocks and stone, while the least used material is tin. The use of stone walls for housing by households is six times more common in urban areas than in rural areas. Nationally, in male headed households, the incidence of stone walls is 17.5 percent compared with 15.0 percent in female headed households. On the other hand, almost half the households in rural areas have a combination of mud and wood as the main wall material. The use of corrugated iron sheets in male headed households is 12 percent higher than in female headed households, with the incidence higher in urban areas.

 

Table 6.6: Main material for walls

Name

Stone

Brick/ Block

Mud/ Wood

Mud/ Cement

Wood only

Corrugated Iron Sheets

Grass/ Reeds

Tin

Other

Households

Total

Kenya

16.7

16.9

36.5

7.7

11.1

6.7

3.0

0.3

1.2

          8,493,380

Rural

5.7

13.8

50.0

7.6

14.4

2.5

4.4

0.3

1.4

          5,239,879

Urban

34.5

21.9

14.8

7.8

5.8

13.3

0.8

0.3

0.9

          3,253,501

Male headed

Kenya

          17.5

          16.6

          34.7

             7.6

          11.4

                 7.4

             3.4

             0.3

             1.2

       5,762,320

Rural

             5.8

          13.1

          48.9

             7.3

          15.4

                 2.6

             5.2

             0.3

             1.4

       3,413,616

Urban

          34.6

          21.6

          14.0

             7.9

             5.6

               14.4

             0.7

             0.3

             0.9

       2,348,704

Female headed

Kenya

          15.0

          17.5

          40.4

             7.9

          10.5

                 5.1

             2.1

             0.3

             1.2

       2,731,060

Rural

             5.4

          14.9

          52.1

             8.0

          12.6

                 2.4

             2.8

             0.4

             1.4

       1,826,263

Urban

          34.2

          22.6

          16.9

             7.6

             6.2

               10.5

             0.8

             0.3

             0.9

           904,797

 

Kiambu County has the highest use of stone at 48.3 percent compared to West Pokot, where it is rarely used, with the incidence at 0.4 percent. The top 10 counties exceed the 16.6 percent national average in use of stone as walling material. The proportion of households with stone walls in Kiambu exceeds that of the bottom 10 constituencies combined. The share of stone houses in Kiambu is at least 32 times that for Bungoma and 140 times that of West Pokot. Notably, the number of households with cement walls in Kiambu at 226,488 is slightly higher than the total number of households with cement walls in the bottom counties. The predominant walling material in West Pokot is mud/wood at 79.8 percent followed by Kakamega and Vihiga counties at 74.5 percent and 73.4 percent respectively. Use of corrugated iron sheets in walls is highest in Nairobi, Kajiado and Kiambu Counties at more than 25 percent of households and lowest at 0.1 percent in Vihiga.

 

Table 6.7: Proportion of households by type of wall by county

Stone

Brick/Block

Mud/Wood

Wood only

Corrugated Iron Sheets

County

%

County

%

County

%

County

%

County

%

Top 10 counties

Kiambu

48.5

Makueni

72.6

West Pokot

78.9

Meru

62.6

Nairobi

26.9

Nairobi

47.3

Kitui

63.9

Kakamega

74.6

Nyeri

60.3

Kajiado

26.6

Nakuru

32.9

Machakos

61.5

Vihiga

73.6

Laikipia

44.9

Kiambu

25.3

Mombasa

30.4

Taita-Taveta

42.9

Nyamira

71.0

Nyandarua

43.0

Murang’a

14.2

Murang’a

28.8

Mombasa

40.6

Kisii

70.6

Kirinyaga

34.5

Machakos

7.0

Kajiado

27.7

Uasin-Gishu

25.2

Bungoma

70.2

Tharaka Nithi

33.8

Baringo

6.5

Machakos

24.7

Kilifi

22.8

Busia

68.6

Turkana

31.0

Homa Bay

5.6

Kirinyaga

24.3

Embu

21.5

Narok

68.4

Baringo

25.8

Kericho

5.1

Nyeri

21.4

Kisumu

21.0

Trans-Nzoia

67.9

Embu

25.3

Kisumu

3.1

Embu

16.2

Nyamira

20.1

Homa Bay

65.6

Isiolo

22.3

Nyandarua

3.0

Median county

Baringo

5.1

Siaya

13.4

Tharaka Nithi

42.1

Garissa

7.2

Taita-Taveta

0.9

Bottom 10 counties

Bungoma

1.5

Nyeri

4.7

Kirinyaga

18.5

Makueni

0.4

Nyamira

0.3

Trans-Nzoia

1.4

Mandera

4.5

Meru

18.1

Kisii

0.3

Kwale

0.3

Nandi

1.3

Narok

3.8

Mombasa

10.4

Homa Bay

0.3

Busia

0.3

Migori

1.0

Meru

3.6

Nyeri

10.2

Migori

0.3

Kakamega

0.3

Kisii

0.9

Baringo

3.5

Garissa

8.6

Mombasa

0.2

West Pokot

0.3

Nyamira

0.8

Turkana

3.5

Mandera

6.0

Kisumu

0.2

Mandera

0.2

Kakamega

0.8

Laikipia

2.9

Wajir

5.1

Kakamega

0.2

Wajir

0.2

Vihiga

0.7

Samburu

2.7

Kiambu

4.8

Busia

0.2

Kitui

0.2

Turkana

0.6

Wajir

2.7

Machakos

4.2

Siaya

0.2

Bungoma

0.2

West Pokot

0.4

Nyandarua

2.6

Nairobi

3.8

Vihiga

0.1

Vihiga

0.1

 

There are only slight gender differences across counties in use of wall material. Aggregations of proportions at county level mask huge differences at constituency level (Table 6.9) in the dominant wall materials. In the top 10 ranked constituencies, more than 50 percent of the households have stone walls, with the highest in Juja at 81.2 percent while in Loima constituency these are non-existent. The use of mud/wood and corrugated iron sheets for walls is highest in Kacheliba and Embakasi South respectively and lowest in Wajir East and Mumias East. Overall, there are only slight differentials between male and female headed households.

 

The absolute number of male headed households is invariably higher in all constituencies hence lessening the overall effect of the few cases where the proportion of female headed households is higher than that of male headed households. For example, in the top constituencies with stone walls (Table 6.10), the proportion of female households is slightly higher in Roysambu, Thika Town, and Kajiado North. However, male headed households are more than double the female headed in absolute terms, so the number of male headed households with stone walls is higher than those of female headed households.


Table 6.8: Proportion of households by type of wall, county and gender of household head differences

Stone

Brick/Block

Mud/Wood

Wood only

Corrugated Iron Sheets

 

County

Male

Female

Diff

County

Male

Female

Diff

County

Male

Female

Diff

County

Male

Female

Diff

County

Male

Female

Diff

Top 10 County

 

Kajiado

          30.0

          22.5

             7.5

Kisumu

          23.1

          17.2

             5.9

Tana River

          42.2

          39.0

             3.2

Tharaka Nithi

          35.9

          29.3

             6.6

Kajiado

          29.5

          20.2

             9.3

Machakos

          26.3

          22.0

             4.3

Migori

          18.8

          14.0

             4.8

Turkana

          24.2

          22.6

             1.6

Meru

          64.0

          59.3

             4.7

Machakos

             9.0

             3.5

             5.5

Kwale

          16.5

          12.6

             3.9

Kilifi

          24.3

          19.6

             4.7

Elgeyo-Marakwet

          54.5

          53.2

             1.2

Mandera

          19.1

          14.7

             4.4

Nairobi

          28.0

          23.4

             4.6

Samburu

             4.5

             2.2

             2.3

Kisii

          20.3

          16.4

             3.9

Makueni

          20.3

          19.1

             1.1

Embu

          26.6

          22.6

             3.9

Homa Bay

             7.2

             3.4

             3.8

Laikipia

          15.5

          13.7

             1.7

Kwale

          15.7

          11.8

             3.9

Kirinyaga

          18.8

          17.8

             1.0

Narok

          10.8

             7.9

             3.0

Kisumu

             3.9

             1.6

             2.4

Isiolo

          11.0

             9.2

             1.7

Siaya

          15.0

          11.5

             3.5

Bungoma

          70.5

          69.5

             0.9

Laikipia

          45.9

          43.1

             2.8

Kiambu

          25.8

          23.9

             1.9

Kilifi

          11.0

             9.3

             1.7

Bomet

             9.9

             7.3

             2.5

Mombasa

          10.5

             9.8

             0.8

Elgey-Marakwet

          21.4

          18.6

             2.8

Narok

             3.3

             2.2

             1.1

Narok

             6.1

             4.7

             1.4

Vihiga

          16.1

          13.7

             2.4

Nairobi

             3.9

             3.2

             0.7

Murang’a

          15.7

          12.9

             2.7

Laikipia

             3.1

             2.1

             1.1

Murang’a

          29.3

          28.0

             1.3

Kirinyaga

          17.5

          15.2

             2.2

Uasin-Gishu

          45.8

          45.2

             0.6

Samburu

             8.5

             6.4

             2.1

Migori

             1.9

             0.9

             1.0

Kiambu

          48.8

          47.6

             1.2

Homa Bay

             9.5

             7.3

             2.2

Kitui

          25.6

          25.5

             0.1

Nyeri

          61.0

          59.0

             2.0

Taita-Taveta

             1.2

             0.3

             0.9

Median county

 

Kakamega

             0.8

             0.7

             0.1

Lamu

          18.9

          18.2

             0.6

Mandera

             5.8

             7.3

            (1.5)

Makueni

             0.4

             0.3

             0.1

Kakamega

             0.3

             0.1

             0.2

Bottom 10 Counties

 

Lamu

          10.7

          11.6

            (0.9)

Nairobi

          13.7

          14.6

            (1.0)

Marsabit

          28.7

          33.7

            (5.0)

Siaya

             0.2

             0.2

             0.0

Garissa

             1.0

             0.9

             0.1

Embu

          15.8

          17.0

            (1.2)

Taita-Taveta

          42.6

          43.6

            (1.0)

Homa Bay

          63.0

          69.0

            (6.0)

Homa Bay

             0.3

             0.3

             0.0

Baringo

             6.5

             6.4

             0.1

Mandera

             2.6

             4.1

            (1.5)

Mombasa

          40.4

          41.4

            (1.0)

Laikipia

          27.5

          34.0

            (6.5)

Vihiga

             0.1

             0.1

            (0.0)

Embu

             1.9

             1.9

             0.0

Meru

          11.6

          13.3

            (1.6)

Bungoma

          14.0

          15.0

            (1.0)

Narok

          66.1

          72.8

            (6.8)

Taita-Taveta

             1.3

             1.3

            (0.0)

Bomet

             0.6

             0.5

             0.0

Tharaka Nithi

          12.6

          14.8

            (2.2)

Kitui

          63.3

          64.6

            (1.3)

Kilifi

          51.2

          58.4

            (7.2)

Kericho

          11.7

          12.0

            (0.3)

Nyeri

             1.5

             1.5

             0.0

Garissa

             5.5

             7.9

            (2.4)

Makueni

          71.9

          73.5

            (1.6)

Isiolo

          28.2

          35.8

            (7.6)

Turkana

          30.8

          31.3

            (0.4)

Meru

             0.4

             0.4

            (0.0)

Elgey-Marakwet

             8.5

          11.3

            (2.9)

Uasin-Gishu

          24.8

          26.4

            (1.6)

Kwale

          54.3

          62.2

            (7.9)

Nakuru

          13.2

          14.0

            (0.9)

Tharaka Nithi

             0.3

             0.3

            (0.0)

Wajir

             3.6

             7.4

            (3.8)

Mandera

             3.9

             7.4

            (3.5)

Samburu

          54.4

          65.1

          (10.7)

Tana River

          11.7

          12.9

            (1.2)

Nakuru

             2.9

             2.9

            (0.0)

Nairobi

          46.0

          51.5

            (5.5)

Garissa

          14.6

          22.5

            (7.9)

Kisumu

          45.4

          57.0

          (11.6)

Kiambu

          13.9

          15.8

            (1.9)

Nyandarua

             2.9

             3.3

            (0.4)

Kirinyaga

          22.6

          28.1

            (5.5)

Machakos

          58.0

          67.6

            (9.6)

Kajiado

          18.0

          32.8

          (14.8)

Marsabit

             6.6

             8.9

            (2.3)

Murang’a

          13.2

          15.9

            (2.7)

                                         

 

 

Table 6.9: Proportion of households by type of wall, by constituency

Constituency

Stone

  Constituency

Brick/ Block

  Constituency

Mud/ Wood

  Constituency

Corrugated Iron Sheets

Top 10 constituencies

Juja  

81.0

Mwala  

88.2

Kacheliba  

88.5

Embakasi South  

58.9

Ruiru  

78.4

Mwingi West  

85.1

Kuria East  

86.3

Dagoreti South  

57.0

Roysambu  

74.6

Kathiani  

85.0

Ikolomani  

86.1

Kabete  

54.5

Kasarani  

73.5

Kitui West  

83.9

Kitutu Chache North  

86.0

Kikuyu  

46.0

Thika Town  

73.2

Mbooni  

82.5

Navakholo  

85.7

Dagoreti North  

42.1

Embakasi Central  

72.3

Masinga  

81.0

Emurua Dikirr  

83.4

Kiambaa  

41.4

Embakasi West  

71.7

Kitui Central  

79.7

Khwisero  

82.6

Westlands  

40.0

Embakasi North  

68.6

Kaiti  

77.8

Ganze  

82.6

Makadara  

38.2

Nakuru Town East  

66.6

Kangundo  

73.6

Pokot South  

82.6

Kajiado East  

38.0

Kajiado North  

52.4

Makueni  

71.8

Narok South  

82.5

Starehe  

37.2

Median constituencies

Suba North  

3.4

Nakuru Town West  

10.2

Ol Kalou  

43.2

Isiolo South  

0.6

Bottom 10 constituencies

Kuria East  

0.3

Balambala  

1.0

Dagoreti North  

0.8

Bumula  

0.1

Shinyalu  

0.3

Banissa  

0.9

Starehe  

0.7

Butula  

0.1

Bomachoge Chache  

0.3

Wajir North  

0.8

Tarbaj  

0.6

Navakholo  

0.1

Aldai  

0.3

Emurua Dikirr  

0.7

Embakasi East  

0.6

Ikolomani  

0.1

Navakholo  

0.3

North Horr  

0.7

Makadara  

0.4

Kuria East  

0.0

Lafey  

0.2

Lagdera  

0.6

Embakasi West  

0.4

Hamisi  

0.0

Tarbaj  

0.2

Lafey  

0.6

Kangundo  

0.4

Sirisia  

0.0

Kacheliba  

0.2

Eldas  

0.6

Embakasi Central  

0.3

Vihiga  

0.0

Emurua Dikirr  

0.1

Loima  

0.4

Embakasi South  

0.2

Tongaren  

0.0

Loima  

0.0

Tarbaj  

0.1

Wajir East  

0.1

Mumias East  

0.0

 


Table 6.10: Proportion of households by type of wall, constituency and gender of household head

Male headed households

Constituency

Stone

Constituency

Brick/ Block

Constituency

Mud/ Wood

Constituency

Corrugated Iron Sheets

Top 10 constituencies

Juja  

                  81.3

Mwala  

                  87.7

Kacheliba  

                  87.2

Embakasi South  

                  60.5

Ruiru  

                  78.5

Kathiani  

                  84.6

Navakholo  

                  86.2

Dagoreti South  

                  57.8

Roysambu  

                  74.1

Kitui West  

                  84.2

Ikolomani  

                  85.8

Kabete  

                  55.0

Kasarani  

                  73.6

Mwingi West  

                  83.7

Kuria East  

                  85.7

Kikuyu  

                  47.1

Thika Town  

                  72.6

Mbooni  

                  82.5

Kitutu Chache North  

                  84.8

Dagoreti North  

                  44.9

Embakasi Central  

                  72.1

Masinga  

                  80.3

Emurua Dikirr  

                  83.3

Kiambaa  

                  42.6

Embakasi West  

                  71.5

Kitui Central  

                  80.2

Pokot South  

                  82.7

Makadara  

                  41.1

Embakasi North  

                  68.9

Kaiti  

                  78.2

Khwisero  

                  82.2

Starehe  

                  41.0

Nakuru Town East  

                  65.4

Kangundo  

                  73.3

Ganze  

                  81.9

Kajiado East  

                  40.5

Kajiado North  

                  51.6

Makueni  

                  71.2

Chepalungu  

                  81.7

Westlands  

                  40.4

Median constituency

Galole  

                    3.8

Emuhaya  

                  10.6

Homa Bay Town  

                  41.4

Kibwezi West  

                    0.7

Bottom 10 constituencies

Bomachoge Chache  

                    0.4

Balambala  

                    1.0

Dagoreti North  

                    0.8

Kimilili  

                    0.1

Kuria East  

                    0.3

Banissa  

                    0.9

Starehe  

                    0.7

Ikolomani  

                    0.1

Shinyalu  

                    0.3

Wajir North  

                    0.8

Tarbaj  

                    0.6

Hamisi  

                    0.1

Lafey  

                    0.3

North Horr  

                    0.8

Embakasi East  

                    0.6

Kuria East  

                    0.1

Aldai  

                    0.3

Emurua Dikirr  

                    0.8

Makadara  

                    0.5

Butula  

                    0.1

Navakholo  

                    0.2

Eldas  

                    0.6

Embakasi West  

                    0.4

Sirisia  

                    0.1

Tarbaj  

                    0.2

Lagdera  

                    0.6

Kangundo  

                    0.4

Vihiga  

                    0.1

Kacheliba  

                    0.2

Lafey  

                    0.6

Embakasi Central  

                    0.3

Tongaren  

                    0.0

Emurua Dikirr  

                    0.1

Loima  

                    0.5

Embakasi South  

                    0.2

Mumias East  

                    0.0

Loima  

                    0.1

Tarbaj  

                    0.2

Wajir East  

                    0.2

Navakholo  

                    0.0

Female headed households

  County/   Constituency

Stone

  County/   Constituency

Brick/Block

  County/   Constituency

Mud/Wood

  County/   Constituency

Corrugated Iron Sheets

Top 10 constituencies

Juja  

                  80.3

Mwala  

                  88.8

Kacheliba  

                  90.6

Dagoreti South  

                  54.5

Ruiru  

                  78.1

Mwingi West  

                  86.6

Kitutu Chache North  

                  87.8

Kabete  

                  53.1

Roysambu  

                  76.0

Kathiani  

                  85.5

Kuria East  

                  87.8

Embakasi South  

                  51.3

Thika Town  

                  74.6

Kitui West  

                  83.5

Ikolomani  

                  86.4

Kikuyu  

                  43.2

Kasarani  

                  73.1

Mbooni  

                  82.6

Narok South  

                  84.7

Westlands  

                  38.8

Embakasi Central  

                  72.7

Masinga  

                  81.9

Navakholo  

                  84.6

Kiambaa  

                  37.9

Embakasi West  

                  72.3

Kitui Central  

                  78.9

Emurua Dikirr  

                  83.7

Mathioya  

                  35.0

Nakuru Town East  

                  69.2

Kaiti  

                  77.2

Ganze  

                  83.4

Kiambu  

                  34.0

Embakasi North  

                  67.6

Kangundo  

                  73.9

Khwisero  

                  83.2

Dagoreti North  

                  33.1

Kajiado North  

                  54.8

Makueni  

                  72.7

Pokot South  

                  82.3

Kangema  

                  33.0

Median constituency

Kuresoi South  

                    3.2

Rarieda  

                    9.7

Voi  

                  45.3

Aldai  

                    0.4

Bottom 10 constituencies

Navakholo  

                    0.3

Tiaty  

                    0.7

Dagoreti North  

                    0.7

Kuria East  

                    0.0

Mwingi North  

                    0.3

Kacheliba  

                    0.7

Embakasi East  

                    0.6

Kitui West  

                    0.0

Bomachoge Chache  

                    0.2

Lagdera  

                    0.7

Tarbaj  

                    0.6

Mandera South  

                    0.0

Banissa  

                    0.2

Turkana North  

                    0.6

Starehe  

                    0.4

Mumias East  

                    0.0

Tarbaj  

                    0.1

Emurua Dikirr  

                    0.6

Makadara  

                    0.4

Vihiga  

                    0.0

Kacheliba  

                    0.1

North Horr  

                    0.4

Kangundo  

                    0.3

Matungu  

                    0.0

Mandera West  

                    0.1

Eldas  

                    0.3

Embakasi West  

                    0.3

Tongaren  

                    0.0

Lafey  

                    0.1

Loima  

                    0.3

Embakasi Central  

                    0.3

Lamu East  

                      –  

Emurua Dikirr  

                    0.1

Fafi  

                    0.3

Embakasi South  

                    0.1

Wajir West  

                      –  

Loima  

                    0.0

Tarbaj  

                      –  

Wajir East  

                    0.0

Tarbaj  

                      –  

 

Pages: 1 2 3 4